話說,現在接近新年了,又到了一年工作請假的高峰期了。
今天,我們就順便來看下,英文中“請假”的各種說法,以及一些周邊小常識。
說到假期的英文,很多人第一反應是 holiday,但其實,英文中,假期的說法有好幾個,而且內涵差很多。
一起來學習下吧。
◆ holiday, vacation, days off, leave 比較
· holiday: 是指因宗教節日或國家喜慶日而設立的法定“假日"。
Christmas holiday is the biggest holiday in many Western countries.
在很多西方國家,聖誕節是最重要的假期。
· vacation: 一般指大學的假期
summer vacation暑假
winter vacation寒假
· days off:純粹指不用上班,休息的日子,例如週末。
· leave:通常必須是自己申請的休假
· break:指短暫的休息,比如下課時間、開會休息
下面來看看,在職場上,假期的種類。
◆ 各種假期說法
annual leave
年假
maternity leave
產假
Paternity leave
陪產假
sick leave
病假
personal leave
事假
marriage leave
婚假
funeral leave
喪假
menstruation leave
生理假
leave for religious holidays
宗教假
在正規的公司上班,員工請假的事由大概就是以上這些了。
annual leave 視公司和個人在職年限而定,一般在5-20天不等。
maternity leave 一般是98天,產前可以休假15天;難產的,增加產假15天;生育多胞胎(multiple births),每多生育1個嬰兒,增加產假15天。
paternity leave,也就是男人請的陪產假,全國各地都不同,一般在7-30天之間。
marriage leave,各地區差別也很大,一般在10-30天
funeral leave 一般為1-3天
menstruation leave :月經假,非強制性假期,一般0.5--1天
◆ 除了這些假期,還有--輪休
rotate days off
調休
leave/ time off in lieu [lju:]
* in lieu 是代替的意思,leave in lieu 就是替換的休假,也就是調休了。
◆ 那麼,說到請假,該用什麼片語和句式表達呢?
請假
ask for leave
准假
grant leave
超假
overstay one’s leave
告假
on leave
帶薪休假
paid leave
批假
approve one's leave
休假
have a holiday
延長假期
extend one's leave
申請休假
submit a request to take the leave
休假中
on holiday/on one’s holiday/ take holiday
◆ 再來看看,英文中請假,有哪些句式呢?
◇ 常用句式
He has a day off today.
他今天請假一天。
She had two weeks off because she was ill.
因為生病了,她請假兩周。
Can I have 3 hours off today in lieu of the 3 hours of overtime I worked last night?
昨天晚上我加班了3個小時,今天我能調休3小時嗎?
Do I get time off in lieu if I work overtime on the holiday?
如果假期我加班,我能獲得調休嗎?
◆ 下面我們來看看,如何表達休假理由。
◇ 病假理由
I don’t feel well./ I am feeling sick./ I am unwell./ I am not doing too well.
我不太舒服。
I have been feeling very run down lately.
最近我有點虛弱。
I think I've caught a bug.
我覺得我是感冒了。
I have a bad headache.
我頭疼。
I have a sore arm.
我胳膊疼。
◆ 那麼,請假了,一般都要做好交接工作。
這種表達如何說呢?
◇ 工作交接
1. fill in for someone
fill in 是填空的意思,fill in for sb 就是為別人代班,暫時代替別人
We'll have to find someone to fill in for Francis tonight as he's ill.
費朗西斯病了,我們得找個什麼人今晚頂替他。
2. cover for somebody 代替某人
Can you cover for me on Friday because I am gonna visit my aunt that day.
星期五能不能請你替我個班,那天我要去看阿姨。
◆ 最後,給大家看兩組請假單的寫法,
大家下次可以參考一下。
Dear Mr./Ms. XXX,
This letter is a formal request for a leave of absence, to follow up on our meeting yesterday. As we discussed, I would like to request a leave of absence from April 1 through June 30, 20XX.
I will return to work on July 1, 20XX.
Please let me know if I can provide further information or if you have any questions.
Thank you very much for your consideration in providing me with this opportunity for personal leave.
Sincerely,
Peter Smith
Dear Jennifer,
As we discussed yesterday, I would like to request a formal leave of absence from my job. I plan to be away from July 1, 20XX - December 31, 20XX, returning to work on January 1, 20XX.
If approved, I would be glad to help with a plan to cover my workload in my absence. I would also be available to answer questions and provide assistance while I am away.
Please let me know if you need any additional information. Thank you very much for your consideration of my request.
Best,
John White
◆ 多益考試常見詞彙和片語:名詞
1 inflation 通貨膨脹
2 deflation 通貨緊縮
3 feasibility 可行性
4 overhaul 徹底檢查
5 custom 海關
6 bruise 擦傷
7 indices 是index的複數
8 commotion 暴動,騷亂
9 interest rate 利率
10 disposition (1)氣質 (2) 處理
11 carat, karat 克拉
12 hallmark 品質證明, 純正之證明
13 asylum 收容所, 養老院
14 orphanage 孤兒院
15 morale 士氣,人心
16 pennant 錦旗
17 vicinity 附近, 片語是 in the ~ of
18 interrogation 詢問,審訊片語是 put sb under ~
19 intersection 交會點
20 intermission 休息時間
21 physician 內科醫生
22 surgeon 外科醫生, 軍醫,船醫
23 breadwinner 養家糊口的人
24 recipe 食譜,方法
25 tender 招標
26 Spaniard 西班牙人
28 dispassion 冷靜客觀
29 levity 輕率
30 expulsion 開除,除籍
31 defamation 誹謗
32 payroll 薪水冊,工資表
33 contraction 收縮
34 renewal 更新
35 deduction 扣除(額)
36 escalator 電扶梯
37 elevator 電梯,升降梯(美)
38 lift 電梯(英)
39 emblem 象徵標誌 同logo symbol
40 dereliction 怠忽職守 ~ of duty
41 milkshake 奶昔
42 endorsement 背書保證,找明星代言
43 approbation 批准許可
44 probation 試用 trial
45 deference 順從尊重
46 minor infraction 輕微違法major violation 重大
47 vacate 疏散 evacuation
48 anarchy 無政府
49 collusion 共謀,勾結
50 downturn 下滑take a sudden downturn
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