Julie's English Wonderland

托福閱讀考試向來都是考生的必爭之地，比起口說聽力來說是考生更有可能得到滿分的考試題型。而其中的托福單字題則是比較有難度容易出現錯誤的題型之一。

那麼考生如何才能做好托福閱讀單字題？🤔有哪些方法可供大家使用來提升正確率呢？🤨

下面小編就為大家帶來托福閱讀單字題的5種有效率的解題思路方法。

托福單字題5種有效率的解題思路例如講解 搞定詞彙難題原來還有這些好方法

1. 通過直接反義詞來判斷
托福閱讀中有很多直接反義詞，這些詞的前或後出現的內容會是很明顯的反義關係。

大家如果不理解的話可以先看一個中文例子：小王是個____的人，相反她是一個內向的人。從後面的內向可以推出前面應該是個外向之類的詞。所以我們要關注的就是類似例子中“相反”這樣的直接反義詞，英文裡比較常見的有：rather than， instead， unlike， contrast， on the contrary等等。

例如： 
The main conflict in the novel is between a mother who places a high value on hard work and honor and a son who repudiates his mother’s values instead preferring the easier path to fortune and celebrity

問題： the word repudiates in the passage in closest in meaning to __
A. refuses to accept B. lives up to C. tries to understand D. makes the best of

假設repudiates這個單字大家不認識，那麼完全可以從後面的單字instead來判斷兒子和媽媽的價值觀念是相反的，根據這一判斷再看四個選項，你會發現只有A選項帶有否定的意思，這道單字題就輕鬆答對了。

2. 通過並列關係去判斷

托福閱讀中表示並列關係的常用詞彙有：and， not only...but also， as…as， both， either...or...， neither...nor...等等。

例如：She embarked on her career by working as a newspaper reporter in Wisconsin and soon began writing novels.

問題: The phrase embarked on in this sentence is closest in meaning to
A. took a trip to B. started out on C. improved upon D. had a opinion about

我們可以從前後關係判斷，首先我們看到一個單字career職業生涯。我們在這句中看到關鍵字and和後面出現soon began告訴我們前後方向是一致的，前面也想當然和began有關，所以本題目的正確答案是B。

3. 通過解釋詞彙來判斷

所謂解釋詞彙，也就是後面的子句或片語詞彙來解釋前面的單字，常見的關鍵字有:contribute to， be responsible for， account for， since， therefore， because， in which

例如：
His big break came with the novel So big(1924) ，which was awarded the Pulitzer in literature.

問題： the word break in this sentence could best be replaced by ___
A. rupture B. revelation C. opportunity D. rest

which was awarded the Pulitzer in Literature告訴我們一定題目考的是態度，所以答案不可能是A或D，應該選C Opportunity，代表一種有利的狀態或合適的時機。

4. 從動賓關係判斷

托福閱讀單字題還有這種做法，就是看看賓語能否和動詞搭配，考生可以從動詞片語搭配去做判斷。

例如：The oxidation of exhaust gases is one of primary sources of the world’s pollutions. The brown haze that is poised over some of the world’s largest cities is properly called photochemical smog.

題目：The word poised in this sentence is closest in meaning to__
A. interacting B. sitting C. blowing D. poisoning

首先從搭配關係上可以排除interacting，因為interact的搭配是with。
然後可以從上下文關係排除blowing，因為blow over就吹走了不會有smog。同時D選項的poisoning在作為及物動詞的時候才有pollute的含義，替換到本句中式不及物的用法只有一種含義表示排毒也不符合，所以選B。

5. 形容詞修飾名詞關係判斷

不是每個形容詞都可以修飾所有的名詞。這就好像很少有人去說一個隊伍排得很寬，而一般都隊伍排得很長，哪怕有很多人插隊造成了隊伍看上去很寬的感覺。

例如：When the gas reaches the air， it comes into contact with available oxygen from atmosphere and combines with the oxygen to produce nitrogen dioxide (No2)，which is a gas with a brownish hue.
The word hue in this sentence is closest in meaning to
A. color B. odor C. thickness D. smoke

對於本題你會發現有個單字brownish呈褐色的，首先從形容詞修飾名詞關係可以直接排除B odor和C thickness，其次可以通過a gas with brownish hue前面的gas排除D選項smoke，用詞重複。所以正確答案是A。

  推薦您看這部影片增加更多托福閱讀考試技巧!  👇🏽

【托福閱讀文章範例：海洋的深重危機】

想要提高托福閱讀水準，推薦大家一定要在日常生活中有意識地增加英語閱讀練習量，提升語感和熟練度，這樣才能在實際托福考試中遊刃有餘輕鬆應對，這其中比較常用也比較方便地一個提升閱讀實力的方式就是利用各類英文報刊雜誌文章進行精讀與泛讀練習。

下面我們來看一篇經濟學人雙語文章：海洋的深重危機

The marine world
Deep trouble
Humans are wrecking the ocean. Technology shows the scale of the problem—and offers some solutions

海洋世界
海洋的深重危機
人類正在破壞海洋。技術揭示了其為禍之大，並提供了一些解決方案

EARTH is poorly named. The ocean covers almost three-quarters of the planet. It is divided into five basins: the Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, the Arctic and the Southern oceans. Were all the planet’s water placed over the United States, it would form a column of liquid 132km tall. The ocean provides 3bn people with almost a fifth of their protein (making fish a bigger source of the stuff than beef). Fishing and aquaculture assure the livelihoods of one in ten of the world’s people. Climate and weather systems depend on the temperature patterns of the ocean and its interactions with the atmosphere. If anything ought to be too big to fail, it is the ocean.

“地球”這個名字取得不好，這個星球表面四分之三都是海洋，分為五個海洋盆地：太平洋、大西洋、印度洋、北冰洋和南冰洋。如果將地球上所有的水都集中到美國國土之上，將形成一道132千米高的巨型水柱。海洋為30億人口提供了近五分之一的蛋白質，使得魚類成為比牛肉更大的蛋白質來源。漁業和水產養殖是世界十分之一人口的生計所依。氣候和天氣系統取決於海洋的溫度模式及其與大氣的相互作用。如果說有什麼事情萬般重要，容不得一點差錯，那就數海洋了。

Humans have long assumed that the ocean’s size allowed them to put anything they wanted into it and to take anything they wanted out. Changing temperatures and chemistry, overfishing and pollution have stressed its ecosystems for decades. The ocean stores more than nine-tenths of the heat trapped on Earth by greenhouse-gas emissions. Coral reefs are suffering as a result; scientists expect almost all corals to be gone by 2050.

人類長久以來都以為，既然海洋浩瀚無邊，人類可以任意傾倒廢物、予取予求。數十年來，海洋溫度和化學環境的變化，以及過度捕撈和污染都讓海洋生態系統不堪重荷。被溫室氣體困在地球上的熱量有九成以上都儲存在大海裡，珊瑚礁因此遭殃。科學家預計，到2050年，珊瑚礁將消失殆盡。

By the middle of the century the ocean could contain more plastic than fish by weight. Ground down into tiny pieces, it is eaten by fish and then by people, with uncertain effects on human health. Appetite for fish grows nevertheless: almost 90% of stocks are fished either at or beyond their sustainable limits (see pages 22-24). The ocean nurtures humanity. Humanity treats it with contempt.

到本世紀中葉，海洋中塑膠垃圾的總重量可能將超過魚類。磨成細小碎片的塑膠被魚吃掉，人再吃魚，這對人體健康的影響仍未可知。然而人類對魚類的需求仍在增長：近90%的魚類的捕撈量已達到或超出可持續的限度。海洋滋養人類，人類卻回以傲慢不恭。

Depths plumbed
Such self-destructive behaviour demands explanation. Three reasons for it stand out. One is geography. The bulk of the ocean is beyond the horizon and below the waterline. The damage being done to its health is visible in a few liminal places—the Great Barrier Reef, say, or the oyster farms of Washington state. But for the most part, the sea is out of sight and out of mind. It is telling that there is only a single fleeting reference to the ocean in the Paris agreement on climate change.

深度探測
這種自我毀壞的行為令人困惑。有三個原因比較突出。一是地理。海洋的大部分地方都無邊無際、深不可測，而海洋健康遭受的損害只在少數幾個地方看得到，比如大堡礁或華盛頓州的牡蠣養殖場。但在大多數情況下，人們對海洋的問題都是眼不見心不煩。《巴黎氣候協議》僅潦草地提及海洋一次，這很說明問題。

A second problem is governance. The ocean is subject to a patchwork of laws and agreements. Enforcement is hard and incentives are often misaligned. Waters outside national jurisdictions—the high seas—are a global commons. Without defined property rights or a community invested in their upkeep, the interests of individual actors in exploiting such areas win out over the collective interest in husbanding them. Fish are particularly tricky because they move. Why observe quotas if you think your neighbour can haul in catches with impunity?

第二個問題是治理。海洋保護方面的法律和協議不成體系，執行難度大，而激勵措施又往往不一致。國家管轄範圍以外的水域(即公海)為全球共有，沒有明確的所屬權，也沒有哪個團體投資來維護它們，個別國家肆意開發這些海域的利益就會淩駕於有節制地利用海洋資源的共同利益之上。魚會游來遊去，因而是個特別棘手的問題。如果你覺得鄰國能大肆捕魚而無需承擔任何後果，自己為什麼還要死守捕魚配額規定呢?

Third, the ocean is a victim of other, bigger processes. The emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is changing the marine environment along with the rest of the planet. The ocean has warmed by 0.7°C since the 19th century, damaging corals and encouraging organisms to migrate towards the poles in search of cooler waters. Greater concentrations of carbon dioxide in the water are making it more acidic. That tends to harm creatures such as crabs and oysters, whose calcium carbonate shells suffer as marine chemistry alters.

第三個原因是，海洋本身是其他更大變化的受害者。排放到大氣層中的溫室氣體讓海洋環境與地球其他部分都在發生改變。19世紀以來，海水溫度已經上升了0.7°C，破壞了珊瑚礁，導致生物朝極地更冷的水域遷徙。海水中二氧化碳的濃度越來越高，以致酸性越來越強，常會傷害諸如螃蟹和牡蠣等生物，它們由碳酸鈣構成的外殼會因海洋化學環境的變化而受損。

Some of these problems are easier to deal with than others. “Ocean blindness” can be cured by access to information. And indeed, improvements in computing power, satellite imaging and drones are bringing the ocean into better view than ever before. Work is under way to map the sea floor in detail using sonar technology. On the surface, aquatic drones can get to remote, stormy places at a far smaller cost than manned vessels. From above, ocean-colour radiometry is improving understanding of how phytoplankton, simple organisms that support marine food chains, move and thrive. Tiny satellites, weighing 1-10kg, are enhancing scrutiny of fishing vessels.

以上這些問題中，有些解決起來會容易一些。“海洋破壞無知症”可以通過獲得資訊來治癒。事實上，計算能力、衛星成像和無人機技術的改進正在讓人們以前所未有的程度瞭解海洋。聲納技術正在詳細測繪海底地貌;在海面上，水上無人機可以到達暴風雨肆虐的遙遠海域，成本比載人船隻低得多;在海面上空，海洋水色輻射測量技術正在幫助人們瞭解支撐起海洋食物鏈的簡單生物體浮游植物是如何移動和大量生長的;重量在1到10公斤的微型衛星則正在加強對漁船的監督。

Transparency can also mitigate the second difficulty, of ocean governance. More scientific data ought to improve the oversight of nascent industries. As sea-floor soundings proliferate, the supervision of deep-sea mining, which is overseen by the International Seabed Authority in areas beyond national jurisdiction, should get better. More data and analysis also make it easier to police existing agreements. Satellite monitoring can provide clues to illegal fishing activity: craft that switch off their tracking devices when they approach a marine protected area excite suspicion, for example. Such data make it easier to enforce codes like the Port State Measures Agreement, which requires foreign vessels to submit to inspections at any port of call and requires port states to share information on any suspected wrongdoing they find.

增加透明度也可以減輕海洋治理這第二個難題。不斷累積的科學資料應該會改善對新興行業的監督。隨著海底探測的範圍迅速擴大，國際海底管理局在各國領海以外海域對深海採礦的監督應該會有所改善。更多的資料和分析也讓現有協定的執行情況更容易受到監督。衛星監控可以提供非法捕魚活動的線索，例如，船隻在接近海洋保護區時關閉船上跟蹤裝置就會引起懷疑。這樣的資料使執行像《港口國措施協定》這類法規變得更為容易。該協定要求外國船隻接受停靠港的檢查，並要求港口國分享所發現的任何可疑不法行為的資訊。

Clearer information may also help align incentives and allow private capital to reward good behaviour. Insurance firms, for instance, have an incentive to ask for more data on fishing vessels; if ships switch off their tracking systems, the chances of collisions rise, and so do premiums. Greater traceability gives consumers who are concerned about fish a way to press seafood firms into behaving responsibly.

資訊更加公開透明也可能有助於協調激勵措施，讓私人資本去獎勵良好行為。例如，保險公司會更有動力要求漁船提供更多資料，如果船隻關閉跟蹤系統，撞船的機率就會上升，保費也會隨之上升。提高可追溯性能讓關心魚類的消費者得以對海產品公司施壓，讓它們行事更負責任。

Sunk costs
Thanks to technology, the ocean’s expanse and remoteness are becoming less formidable—and less of an excuse for inaction. A UN meeting on the ocean in June in New York is a sign that policymakers are paying more attention to the state of the marine realm. But superior information does not solve the fundamental problem of allocating and enforcing property rights and responsibilities for the high seas. And the effectiveness of incentives to take care of the ocean varies. Commercial pay-offs from giving fish stocks time to recover, for example, are large and well-documented; but the rewards that accrue from removing plastic from the high seas are unclear.

沉沒成本
技術的發展讓海洋不再顯得那麼廣闊無垠、遙不可及，也讓人類越來越沒有不作為的藉口。6月將在紐約舉行的一個聯合國海洋會議顯示，決策者正日益關注海洋狀況。但資訊再發達也不能解決公海的責權分配和執行這個根本問題。保護海洋的激勵措施效果也是參差不齊。例如，給魚群時間休養生息能產生巨大的商業回報，這一點證據充分，但是從公海清除塑膠垃圾所產生的回報尚不明確。

Above all, better measurement of global warming’s effect on the ocean does not make a solution any easier. The Paris agreement is the single best hope for protecting the ocean and its resources. But America is not strongly committed to the deal; it may even pull out. And the limits agreed on in Paris will not prevent sea levels from rising and corals from bleaching. Indeed, unless they are drastically strengthened, both problems risk getting much worse. Mankind is increasingly able to see the damage it is doing to the ocean. Whether it can stop it is another question.

最重要的是，更準確地衡量全球變暖對海洋的影響並不會讓解決方案變得更容易。《巴黎氣候協議》是保護海洋及海洋資源的最大希望，但美國對此協議意興闌珊，甚至還有可能退出。而且該協定確定的目標也無法阻止海平面繼續上升和珊瑚白化。事實上，除非大幅提高這些目標，這兩個問題都可能變得更為嚴峻。人類已能夠越來越清楚地認識到自己對海洋造成的破壞，但能否扭轉局面則是另一個問題。

以上就是今天的文章，希望對您準備托福閱讀有所幫助!💪💪💪